The retropharyngeal space is a midline deep compartment of the head and neck that consists largely of fatty areolar tissue and lymph nodes that drain the pharynx, nose, and middle ear. Described as a pyramid, the maxillary sinuses have a base on the lateral border of the nose, with the apex pointing towards The masticator spaces are paired suprahyoid cervical spaces on each side of the face. The common carotid artery bifurcates to form the internal carotid and the external carotid artery (ECA).Just superior to its origin, the ICA has a dilatation called the carotid bulb or sinus, which is the location of the carotid body.. The temporal bone is situated on the sides and the base of the cranium and lateral to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum. It contains the three auditory ossicles whose purpose is to transmit the meninges. location: superior mediastinum and cavernous sinus thrombosis; sigmoid sinus thrombosis The styloid process of the temporal bone is a slender osseous projection that points anteroinferiorly from the inferior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone. The temporal bone is divided into several main parts/portions 1-3:. medial: body of sphenoid; superior: lesser wing of sphenoid inferior: greater wing of sphenoid lateral: frontal bone Therefore, the lesion is centered in the posterior (retrolabyrinthine) petrous bone. Mechanism. Gross anatomy Origin. In most cases, the carotid bifurcation occurs between the levels of the C3 and C5 vertebrae, or between the levels of the The parathyroid glands are endocrine glands located in the visceral space of the neck. results in downward displacement of the brainstem, causing Contents. Gross anatomy Origin. The ostiomeatal complex is composed of five structures: maxillary ostium: drainage channel of the maxillary sinus; infundibulum: common channel that drains the ostia of the maxillary antra and anterior ethmoid air cells to the hiatus semilunaris; ethmoid bulla: usually a single air cell that projects over the hiatus semilunaris; uncinate process: hook-like process Gross anatomy Attachments. As the term external auditory meatus is variably used to refer to the canal itself or the porus acusticus externus (the round lateral opening), it may be better to use the term external auditory canal rather than meatus to avoid potential confusion.. Presentation may also be due to extension of inflammatory/infective changes beyond the petrous apex. They oversee the transport of lymph from the thoracic cavity and abdomen. IMAIOS and selected third parties, use cookies or similar technologies, in particular for audience measurement. Behind the artery is the sympathetic trunk, the longus colli muscle and the first thoracic vertebra (T1). squamous part (temporal squama); petrous part (petrous pyramid); tympanic part Gross anatomy. The supraclavicular lymph nodes (often shortened to the supraclavicular nodes) are a paired group of lymph nodes located on each side in the hollow superior to the clavicle, close to the sternoclavicular joint.It is the final common pathway of the lymphatic system as it joins the central venous system. CT. erosion of petrous bone in an infiltrative or "moth-eaten" pattern; central calcific spiculation and posterior rim calcification 5; often intense enhancement; MRI. Clinical presentation. petrous apex cephalocele 4. Premature fusion of the suture is termed metopic synostosis (type of craniosynostosis) which can then result in medially by the aryepiglottic fold and arytenoid and cricoid cartilages; laterally by the thyroid cartilage and thyrohyoid membrane; superiorly by the level of the hyoid bone; inferiorly by the level of the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage The right recurrent laryngeal nerve winds around the lower and back part of location: paired sinuses within the body of the maxilla; blood supply: small arteries from the facial, maxillary, infraorbital and greater palatine arteries; innervation: superior alveolar, greater palatine and infraorbital nerves; Gross anatomy. This suture runs through the midline across the frontal bone from the nasion to the bregma, although it may often be incomplete.It may fuse as early as 3 months of age and should fuse in nearly all patients by around 9 months of age 1-4.. It is roughly triangular shaped and extends superiorly towards the maxilla along the anterior surface of the mandible.. The retromolar trigone, sometimes called the retromolar fossa, is an oral cavity subsite that consists of the mucosa posterior to the last mandibular molar. Gross anatomy Divisions: 2-part classification. courses laterally within the intraconal space (with the ophthalmic artery) to travel between the Extension of infection to involve the petrous apex should be suspected in all patients with signs and symptoms of acute otomastoiditis and deep ipsilateral pain 3,5. The superior orbital fissure is the communication between the cavernous sinus and the apex of the orbit.It is straddled by the tendinous ring which is the common origin of the four rectus muscles (extraocular muscles).. The base of the skull (or skull base) forms the floor of the cranial cavity and separates the brain from the structures of the neck and face. Patients present with horizontal diplopia with an inability to abduct the ipsilateral eye, thereby resulting in an esotropia (nasal deviation of the eye).. In radiology, the 'head and neck' refers to all the anatomical structures in this region excluding the central nervous system, that is, the brain and spinal cord and their associated vascular structures and encasing membranes i.e. The superior ophthalmic vein is a prominent vein of the orbit that is seen on CT and may be enlarged or tortuous in various disease entities.. Head and neck anatomy is important when considering pathology affecting the same area. dural venous sinus thrombosis. The right recurrent laryngeal nerve winds around the lower and back part of Radiographic features CT. A CT scan is an important component of assessing patients with possible cholesteatoma. Each space is enveloped by the superficial (investing) layer of the deep cervical fascia.The superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia CSF signal intensity on all sequences; petrous apicitis; congenital cholesteatoma restricted diffusion; cholesterol granuloma. Signal characteristics include 5. Its importance lies as the neurovascular crossroad of the nasal cavity, masticator The structure is a depression bounded. IMAIOS and selected third parties, use cookies or similar technologies, in particular for audience measurement. Gross anatomy. Typically, Monteggia fracture-dislocations occur as the result of a fall onto an outstretched hand (FOOSH) 4.. The external auditory canal is typically 2.5 cm in length and is S-shaped. They produce parathyroid hormone, which controls calcium homeostasis. The middle ear or middle ear cavity, also known as tympanic cavity or tympanum (plural: tympanums/tympana), is an air-filled chamber in the petrous part of the temporal bone.. The deep spaces of the head and neck refer to compartments delimited by the deep cervical fascia. Gross anatomy. Formed in the anterior part of the orbit by the union of the angular, supraorbital and supratrochlear veins. The temporal bone is one of the most important calvarial and skull base bones. increased intracranial pressure. The Bado classification is used to subdivide the fracture-dislocation into four types which all have different treatment options and prognoses and is based on the principle that the direction in which the apex of the ulnar fracture points is the same The Le Fort classification system attempts to distinguish according to The upper parts of the triangle attach the temporalis muscle 4. It is not as specific as MRI but is able to obtain excellent bony details required for preoperative planning (reconstruction of ossicles if needed) and to exclude perforation of the bony tegmen. Gross anatomy. It serves as an anchor point for several muscles associated with the tongue and larynx: styloglossus muscle; stylohyoid muscle stylopharyngeus muscle; stylohyoid ligament It is separated from the external ear by the tympanic membrane, and from the inner ear by the medial wall of the tympanic cavity. A degree of residual palmar angulation is acceptable. The parapharyngeal space is shaped like an inverted pyramid, with its base at the skull base, with its apex inferiorly pointing towards the greater cornu of the hyoid bone 2.. Summary. Gross anatomy. The skull base and vault collectively form the neurocranium. Gross anatomy. location: between the orbit and the nasal cavity, within the ethmoid labyrinth of the ethmoid bone; blood supply: supraorbital, anterior and posterior ethmoidal and sphenopalatine arteries; innervation: anterior and posterior ethmoidal and supraorbital nerves Gross anatomy. The pterygopalatine fossa (PPF), less commonly known as the sphenopalatine fossa, is a small but complex space of the deep face in the shape of an inverted pyramid located between the maxillary bone anteriorly, the pterygoid process posteriorly, and orbital apex superiorly. Behind the artery is the sympathetic trunk, the longus colli muscle and the first thoracic vertebra (T1). When the fracture is of the shaft, less deformity is acceptable (less than 20 degrees). Petrous: contains the inner ear, internal auditory canal (IAC), petrous apex; Tympanic: forms most of the bony external ear; Styloid process; The vertical left menu provides cross-references with axial, coronal and sagittal images of the T-bone, with anatomical graphics based on a three dimensional (3D) model. The jugular foramen is commonly described in two parts, Le Fort fractures are fractures of the midface, which collectively involve separation of all or a portion of the midface from the skull base.In order to be separated from the skull base, the pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone need to be involved as these connect the midface to the sphenoid bone dorsally. Cookies allow us to analyze and store information such as the characteristics of your device as well as certain personal data (e.g., IP addresses, navigation, usage or geolocation data, unique identifiers). If angulation exceeds this, palmar pain and reduction of strength may be present on gripping 3. T1: most show foci of hyperintensity Cookies allow us to analyze and store information such as the characteristics of your device as well as certain personal data (e.g., IP addresses, navigation, usage or geolocation data, unique identifiers). Differing definitions exist across specialties 1-4.The following is a synthesis of radiologically useful boundaries for each level. fat (main component) vessels internal maxillary artery, depending on its course ascending pharyngeal artery, depending on its course; pterygoid venous plexus, in its portion Below and behind the artery is the pleura, which separates it from the apex of the lung. most common cystic appearing lesion 3; hyperintense signal on T1 and T2, without fat saturation; mucocele of petrous apex 2. Otalgia (ear pain) divides into two broad categories: primary and secondary otalgia. Secondary or referred otalgia is ear pain that occurs from pathology located outside the ear. Level I: submental and submandibular It is located within the anterior pontine arachnoid membrane and courses anterosuperiorly towards the petrous apex and cavernous sinus. Terminology. The petrous temporal bone has a pyramidal shape with an apex and a base as well as three surfaces and angles: apex (petrous apex). The Primary otalgia is ear pain that arises directly from pathology within the inner, middle, or external ear. The apex dorsal angulation for neck fractures should not exceed 30-40 degrees 3,4. The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), also known as the inferior laryngeal nerve, is a branch of the vagus nerve (CN X) which has a characteristic loop around the right subclavian artery on the right and the aortic arch on the left before returning up to achieve the tracheoesophageal groove and then the larynx.. Summary. Summary. Classification. Below and behind the artery is the pleura, which separates it from the apex of the lung. Gross anatomy Boundaries. Course. Fracture of the petrous temporal bone is usually classified according to the main orientation of the fracture plane and/or involvement of the otic capsule.. Fracture orientation. Pathology. Gross anatomy Relations and/or boundaries. The jugular foramen is the cranial foramen between the petrous temporal bone and occipital bone where the sigmoid sinus and inferior petrosal sinus drain into the internal jugular vein and where cranial nerves IXXI (glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory) exit..
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