From there on out, Dr. Anderson was a major supporter and confidant of Henry Flagler, often acting as his business liaison in St. Augustine when Flagler was out of town. The Awakening of Saint Augustine: The Anderson Family and the Oldest City: 1821-1924. Visually exquisite, the Flagler Memorial Presbyterian Church was built by Henry Flagler in 1889. Her great-nephew Lawrence Louis Junior utilized some of those funds in founding Flagler College, where Henry Flagler's legacy lives on to this day. We correct them as soon as they come to our knowledge. "[27] Over time foreign competition and new finds abroad eroded his dominance. Only his son Harry Harkness Flagler survived of the three children by his first marriage in 1853 to Mary Harkness. Flagler's affiliation with the Harkness family would have a fortuitous effect upon his future. To add to the sting, Henry 'Harry' Flagler was generally known as Harry Harkness, showing more deference for his mother than his father. Les Standiford (Goodreads Author) (shelved 3 times as henry-flagler) avg rating 4.08 3,518 ratings published 2002. However there were many reports harsh working conditions and forced indebtedness to the company, and malfeasance by labor agents who hired men for the railway. "[63], Miami's main east-west street is named Flagler Street and is the main shopping street in Downtown Miami. Whatever the case may be, Flagler focused on his family and his fortune during the years of 1861 to 1865. As a result, Flagler and Rockefeller and their associates owned dozens of separate corporations, each of which operated in just one state; the management of the whole enterprise was rather unwieldy. Henry Flagler had realized his dream and slipped quietly from this world at his ocean cottage 'Nautalis' on May 20, 1913, in Palm Beach, Florida. [14] Standard was growing horizontally and vertically. Originally published by E.H. Reynolds in St. Augustine Florida, 1892. Cleveland became very well known for oil refining, as, "More and more crude oil was shipped from the oil regions to Cleveland for the refining process because of transportation facilities and the aggressiveness of the refiners there. This was the case for many wealthy men during the Civil War, including Henry's future business partner, John D. Rockefeller. They had 3 children: Maud Aiken and 2 other children. [citation needed], One of the most effective attacks on Flagler and Rockefeller and their firm was the 1905 publication of The History of the Standard Oil Company, by Ida Tarbell, a leading muckraker. It kept oil prices low to stave off competitors, made its products affordable to the average household, and, to increase market penetration, sometimes sold below cost if necessary. Her husband, Henry Morrison Flagler, was fifty-one years old. The same year that she arrived in New York, her doctors insisted that she spend the winter in a kinder climate. The public and the media in Florida exploded with the scandal of it all. When the Civil War broke out, Dan Harkness was among the first in Bellevue, Ohio to enlist in the Union efforts. The state provided incentive in the form of 3,840 acres (15.5km2) for every mile (1.6km) of track constructed.[49]. His attention was consumed by the business of his hotel chains and expanding railroad empire. Municipal, State, and Federal government officials questioned how many limits they should place on these "Captains of Industry." A deal brokered by Henry Clay Frick exchanged Standard's iron interests for U.S. Steel stock and gave Rockefeller and his son membership on the company's board of directors. In 1869, Henry Flagler began buying out small oil refineries on behalf of John D. Rockefeller, who had it in his mind to monopolize the oil industry in Ohio. Two years later, Flagler built the Palm Beach Inn (renamed The Breakers in 1901), overlooking the Atlantic Ocean in Palm Beach. It supplied kerosene by tank cars that brought the fuel to local markets, and tank wagons then delivered to retail customers, thus bypassing the existing network of wholesale jobbers. It was during these early years of employment that young Henry Flagler cut his teeth in business one step closer to the shark he would become. In 1868, at age 37, Flagler joined with John Rockefeller and Samuel Andrews to form the Rockefeller, Andrews and Flagler Oil Refinery. She was the daughter of Lamon G. Harkness and Julia Follet. Together, the three set their sights on opening a distillery that would serve nearby railroad workers. Volume 86, Number 514, 1893. Such incentive led to the development of Miami, which was an unincorporated area at the time. He became known as the Father of Miami, Florida. Henry Morrison Flagler was born on January 2, 1830 in Hopewell, New York, to Reverend and Mrs. Isaac Flagler. However, this kindly nickname does not do justice to the full story of Flagler, who was nearly fifty years old when he first set foot in Florida in 1878. Flagler returned to Bellevue having lost his initial $50,000 investment and an additional $50,000 he had borrowed from his father-in-law and Daniel. However, much to Flagler's chagrin, he had no legal grounds to be granted a divorce from Alice in New York or Florida. . During the early 1880s, Flagler outsourced the care of young Harry to his half-sister Carrie and daughter Jennie Louise. Throughout it all, Mary was made to brave her condition without her husband, who had taken to staying at the Buckingham Hotel in New York, completely immersed in the business of Standard Oil. Henry explained: "We worked night and day, making good oil as cheaply as possible and selling it for all we could get. Flagler wanted to take advantage of additional trade with Cuba and Latin America as well as the increased trade with the west that the Panama Canal would bring. In 1853, young Henry followed suit when Lamon Harkness' middle daughter, Mary, became his first wife. The current sanctuary building that is seen today was built in the late 1880s and early 1890s by gracious donations from Henry Morrison Flagler. It had become the richest, biggest, most feared business in the world, seemingly immune to the boom and bust of the business cycle, consistently racking up profits year after year. "The Mary Lily Kenan Conspiracy." He declined the honor, persuading them to use an old Indian name, "Mayaimi". Both Elizabeth and Isaac had been married twice before, and Henry had a half- sister (his father's daughter from a previous marriage) named Ann-Caroline, or "Carrie," and a half-brother, Dan Harkness (his mother's . He planned to build a hotel on that land, one that gave Northern tourists a fine place to spend their money. He was instrumental in stopping an Al-Qaeda attack on the USS Seahawk battlegroup (which the Watertown was a part of). She lived the rest of her life in New York, under strict supervision by her guardians (who were chosen by Flagler, of course). NY By genealogy.com user October 24, 1999 at 04:39:45. Indeed, there was a legal loophole provided to affluent Americans they were allowed to pay $300 to the government and hire a substitute to serve in their place. Standiford, Les. Harry, her son, was eleven years old. His next project was the Ponce de Leon Hotel, now part of Flagler College. Flagler engaged Thomas Hastings and Jean Carrere of the Carrere & Hastings architectural firm to design the hotel. Henry Flagler passed away May 20, 1913, and the construction of the "Over-Sea" road served as an example of his substantial impact on the state. So, when sources from the time period say that Ida Alice Shourds Flagler was insane, one must look closely and think critically. https://staughs.com/the-mary-lily-kenan-conspiracy/. I do not believe any one else would develop it if I do not, but I do hope to live long enough to prove I am a good business man by getting a dividend on my investment. We Floridians have a very specific image of Henry Flagler in our minds: he is an old man with bright eyes cast in bronze. Henry Flagler was born on January 2, 1830, in the little village of Hopewell, in upstate New York, to Elizabeth and Isaac Flagler. Imagine how many different perspectives a group of people can have about the same topic. Flagler went on to build the Memorial Presbyterian Church for Jennie and her baby daughter Margery in St. Augustine. During this time he worked to pay back his stepbrother. [9], By 1869, there was three times more kerosene refining capacity than needed to supply the market, and the capacity remained in excess for many years. So, the Flagler family (Henry, Mary, little Harry, Jennie, and her first husband, John Arthur Hinckley) spent the winter of 1877-1878 in St. Augustine. However, many other officials were wary of Henry Flagler. Craze became frenzy when Mary Lily Kenan and Henry Flagler married on August 24th, 1901. Only his son Harry survived of the three children by his first marriage in 1853 to Mary Harkness. Perhaps fortunately for Smith, he couldn't come up with the funds,[45] so Flagler began construction of the 540-room Ponce de Leon Hotel by himself, but spent several times his original estimate. Asylum Hospital for crazy people. "[55], Flagler allegedly used convicts leased from Florida prison camps, the majority of them African-American, to clear land for the Royal Palm Hotel in Miami and to build the Florida East Coast Railway from West Palm Beach to Miami and the rail extension to Key West. In the early 1880s, Flagler and Rockefeller created one of their most important innovations. VisitStAugustine.com, 2022. [26] Its share of world oil refining topped out above 90% but slowly dropped to about 80% for the rest of the century. In March, he stepped down from that post but will . Perhaps Henry Flagler already planned that he would need a physician to confirm his wife suffered from insanity. In 1877, Flagler and his family moved to New York City, which was becoming the center of commerce in the U.S.. [26], Its vast American empire included 20,000 domestic wells, 4,000 miles of pipeline, 5,000 tank cars, and over 100,000 employees. Enamoured by what Henry Flagler had been up to down south, droves of rich tourists made that harrowing journey to St. Augustine. The railroad was financially unable to rebuild the destroyed sections, so the roadbed and remaining bridges were sold to the State of Florida, which built the Overseas Highway to Key West, using much of the remaining railway infrastructure. Henry Flagler, son of a Presbyterian minister, had Memorial Presbyterian Church built in memory of his daughter Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict and her newborn daughter Margery, both of whom died in 1889. What happened to Henry Flagler's daughter? It was reported that people along the railway line waited all night for the passing of the funeral train as it traveled from Palm Beach to St. Henry Flagler's daughter, Jennie Louise Benedict, had a baby girl on February 9, 1889. [51] In 1901, Flagler bribed the Florida Legislature and Governor to pass a law that made incurable insanity grounds for divorce, opening the way for Flagler to remarry. Henry M. Flagler, in full Henry Morrison Flagler, (born January 2, 1830, Hopewell, New York, U.S.died May 20, 1913, West Palm Beach, Florida), American financier and partner of John D. Rockefeller, Sr., in establishing the Standard Oil Company. After Mary died Henry married her nurse-caregiver, Ida Alice Shourds. "Historical Person Profile: Henry Flagler." He also built the Alcazar Hotel as an overflow hotel for the Ponce de Leon Hotel. Because he was famous and successful and he made a lot of things in Florida. [23] The firm was attacked by journalists and politicians throughout its existence, in part for these monopolistic methods, giving momentum to the antitrust movement. While the younger Flagler wanted to pursue a career in music, Henry hardly thought that was appropriate for his only son and heir. Flamingo Visitor Center is 24 miles away. Also, on July 28, 2006, a statue of Flagler was unveiled on the southeast steps of Miami's Dade County Courthouse, located on Miami's Flagler Street. Keys, L. (2015) Hotel Ponce de Leon: The Rise, Fall, and Rebirth of Flagler's Gilded Age Palace. By the end of this field trip, we hope will you have an understanding of who Henry Flagler was, and the great impact he had on the state of Florida! Harry and Annie's daughter Jean Louise Flagler made Palm Beach a large part of her life. The family being of moderate means, Henry struck out from New York to Republic, Ohio in 1844. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was a United States tycoon, real estate promoter, railroad developer and Rockefeller partner in Standard Oil. Henry Flagler didn't leave the sanitarium wanting, however, as Alice's estate (to which only her Flagler-hired guardians had direct access) was full of Standard Oil stocks. Those first two seasons during which Flagler hosted an innumerable amount of parties, electric light displays, and opulent dinners (all of which were accompanied by music from the best musicians of the time) were met with eager approval by guests and the press. (bosses daughter) Mary Harkness (step cousin) 1853. In fact, after completing the eighth grade, he decided to leave home and went to Ohio to find his fortune. "[59], In March 1913, Flagler fell down a flight of marble stairs at Whitehall. Henry Flagler: A Man of Big Dreams Henry Flagler was born on January 2, 1830. The Bingham-Flagler marriage (and questions about her death or possible murder) figured prominently in several books that appeared in the 1980s, when the Bingham family sold the newspaper in the midst of great acrimony. Henry Morrison Flagler was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. St. Augustine, FL: The St. Augustine Historical Society. Mendez, Jesus. Flagler. It added its own pipelines, tank cars, and home delivery network. Henry Flagler's most monumental accomplishment was realized only a year before he died. Through his work with the Harkness company, Henry Flagler made the acquaintance of John D. Rockefeller. Hotel Ponce de Leon: The Architecture & Decoration. Reynolds, Charles B. His business dealings, along with those of partner John D. Rockefeller's, were laid out in painstaking detail by one bold muckraker of the era, Ida Carrie died at the age of 3. Smith helped train the masons on the mixing and pouring techniques he used on Zorayda. By then the trust still had a 70% market share of the refined oil market but only 14% of the U.S. crude oil supply. Rockefeller. Flagler's stepbrother Stephen V. Harkness invested $100,000 (equivalent to $1.94million in 2021[6]) on the condition that Flagler be made a partner. "[40], By 1892, Standard Oil had a monopoly over all oil refineries in the United States. Flagler completed the 1,100-room Royal Poinciana Hotel on the shores of Lake Worth in Palm Beach and extended his railroad to its service town, West Palm Beach, by 1894, founding Palm Beach and West Palm Beach. Having bought land for the hotel, Flagler's goal was to build a pleasure palace and turn St. Augustine, Florida, into a 'Winter Newport'. He married his second wife, Miss Ida Shrouds, the daughter of a Philadelphia minister, in 1883. Carolina Story: Virtual Museum of University History", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Lily_Kenan_Flagler_Bingham&oldid=1125142626, This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 11:49. Henry Morrison Flagler was born in 1830 into humble circumstances, his father a Presbyterian minister. She and her family were given expensive gifts by Henry Flagler in celebration. [53], On August 24, 1901, 10 days after his divorce, Flagler married Mary Lily at her family's plantation, Liberty Hall, and the couple soon moved into their new Palm Beach estate, Whitehall, a 55-room beaux arts home designed by the New York-based firm of Carrre and Hastings, which also had designed the New York Public Library and the Pan-American Exposition. "Henry M. Flagler's Hotel Ponce de Len.". The company collapsed when the war undercut commercial demand for salt. After construction for the Ponce de Leon and the Alcazar were underway in St. Augustine, Flagler's railroad properties started to expand southwards. Standard Oil had gained an aura of invincibility, always prevailing against competitors, critics, and political enemies. From various newspapers, 1887 - 1895. When he was a toddler, his two older half-sisters moved to New York to live with family, and Caroline ('Carrie') and Dan were Henry's constant companions. Henry B Flagler was born on month day 1836, at birth place, New York, to Thomas Flagler and Rachael M Flagler. In 1913, Henry Flagler passed away after breaking his hip falling down a staircase at Whitehall. Jennie Louise was now a young married woman of twenty-four years; Carrie had died as a child; the son Harry was eight. One stormy night, Alice is said to have nearly caused a shipwreck by not allowing the captain to return to port for several hours, despite experiencing gale-force winds and seasick friends. Indeed, Flagler's second sojourn to St. Augustine went off without a hitch the recently constructed San Marco hotel accommodated him and Ida Alice well, and he found himself to be amongst peers instead of invalids. There is also a kitchen, equipped with a dishwasher, oven and microwave. By the start of the Civil War in 1861, Rockefeller was brokering most of the Harkness grain. As he grew older, he became determined to never be poor again. Resources VisitStAugustine.com. In fact, this was a struggle that was occurring all over the country. Perhaps those years after the Civil War were what imbued Flagler with his infamously shrewd business practices. She had two sons from her previous marriage. At the age of 14, after completing the eighth grade, Flagler moved to Bellevue, Ohio where he found work with his cousins in the grain store of L.G. [11] The cartel received preferential treatment as a high-volume shipper, which included not just steep rebates of up to 50% for their product but also rebates for the shipment of competing products. You see, demand for salt had risen with the beginning of the war it was necessary for the preservation of food for the troops. Henry Morrison Flagler (1830-1913) built this church to the glory of God as a memorial to his daughter, Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict, who passed away as a result of childbirth in 1889. Chicago: VisitStAugustine.com. HENRY FLAGLER "Father of Florida" American Industrialist Early Days was born on January 2, 1830 in Hopewell, New York, raised in a. Col Henry Ostrom & Elizabeth Flagler? [citation needed], In 1862, Flagler and his brother-in-law Barney Hamlin York (18331884) founded the Flagler and York Salt Company, a salt mining and production business in Saginaw, Michigan. University Press of Florida. Ralph, Julian. Perhaps because of the economic success that Flagler's industries had delivered to the state or perhaps because of direct funding being delivered to individual senators, Flagler was able to convince the legislature to pass a little bill for him in April of 1901. For the first time, Flagler was able to experience the warm, sunny atmosphere of Florida. Pratt's son, Charles Millard Pratt, became Secretary of Standard Oil. Flagler was in a special position to make those deals due to his connections as a grain merchant. In 1882, Flagler and Rockefeller's lawyers created an innovative form of corporation to centralize their holdings, giving birth to the Standard Oil Trust. "[24] To the critics Flagler and Rockefeller replied, "In a business so large as ours some things are likely to be done which we cannot approve. During the early 1880s, Flagler outsourced the care of young Harry to his half-sister Carrie and daughter Jennie Louise. [citation needed]. The top-ranked Kenan-Flagler Business School at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is named for Flagler and his wife, who was an early benefactor of UNC along with her family and descendants. [11] Part of this scheme was the announcement of sharply increased freight charges. [30] Additional fields were discovered in Burma and Java. Over the course of her marriage to Henry Flagler, Ida Alice Shourds is reported to have begun displaying unstable behavior she was rumored to have a temper, and her fondness for lavish parties and attention did not go unnoticed by Gilded Age Society. A Second Wife and a Second Career. He was connected with government officials and industry elites. Dr. Shelton had attended Flagler's daughter Jennie Benedict when she died from complications after childbirth in 1889. He was born in New York. He is also known as a founder of the cities of Miami and Palm Beach, Florida. However, this building's history is tragic and short. As elated as the couple was to meet their first and only son, her condition made planning for Harry's future feel disturbingly somber. Henry Flagler was seventy-one, whilst his beaming bride was thirty-four. Barely any of Ida Alice's personal writings have survived, so there is a major piece of the puzzle missing. Graham, Thomas and Leslee F. Keys. [43], When Flagler's first wife Mary (ne Harkness) fell sick, his physician recommended they travel to Jacksonville for the winter to escape the brutal conditions of the North. Flagler also worked as a grain merchant. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of the Florida East Coast Railway. Covert, Robert. It was in the late 1850s that Flagler met John D. Rockefeller who was working for a Cleveland grain broker and traveled the hinterlands in search of business. The church was dedicated in March 1890. "Flagler's Magnificent Hotel Ponce de Leon," FL: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Issue 54, Volume 1. Mrs. "1892-A Year of Crucial Decisions in Florida", This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 15:49. St. Augustine, FL: Flagler College, 2013. George Matthews, great-grandson of Henry Morrison Flagler, has served as the Flagler Museum's president for the past 42 years. 0:00. 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